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Bismillah Ir-Rahman, Ir-Raheem. I begin with ALLAH's auspiciousness,whose Name is the Best among all the names. All Revences, All Sanctities and All Worships are due to ALLAH alone. Ashahadu An Laa illaaha illal llahu Wa Ash Hadu Anna Muhammadan Abdu Hu Wa Rasooluhu ''I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah who is without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) is the Rasool.'' "O Allah, Shower Your Peace come upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have brought peace to Ibrahim and his family. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious. O Allah, Shower your blessing upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as you have blessed Ibrahim and his family. Truly, You are Praiseworthy and Glorious". Iam Satisfied with Allâh as My Rabb and Cherisher, I am Satisfied With Islam as My Din(religion) and I am satisfied with Muhammad as a Rasulallah (Messenger)sallallahu alaihi was salam) I seek Protection with ALLAH! With the Glorious and Noble Face of ALLAH! With the Complete and Perfect words of ALLAH! With the Exalted Attributes of ALLAH! From the Punishment of Hell; From chastisement in the Grave; From the Trial of Life and Death; From the Mischief of the dajjal. There is no power nor strength with (anyone) save Allah. ALLAH is Good and Only accept that which is Good. ALLAH is the Truth and only accept that which True. ALLAH is Pure and only accept that which is Pure. Ya ALLAH! ALL the praises are for You, You are the Holder of the Heavens and the Earth, And whatever is in them. Ya ALLAH! All praises are for You; You are are the Substaner of the Heavens and the Earth And whatever is in them. Ya ALLAH! All the praises are for you; You have the Possession of the Heavens and the Earth and whatever is in them. Ya ALLAH! All the praises are for You; You are Light(Nur) of the Heavens and Earth And whatever is in them. Ya ALLAH! All praises are for You; You are the King of the Heavens and the Earth And whatever is in them. Ya ALLAH! All praises are for You; You are the Truth and Your Promise is the Truth, And Your word is the Truth and the Meeting with You is true, And Parardise is True And Hell is true and All the Prophets(peace be upon them) are true; And Muhammad Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam) is true,And the Day of Resurrection is True. Ya ALLAH! You have promise and Your promise is the truth,Ya ALLAH! You have promise and Your words is the truth, Ya ALLAH! You have promise and You are the Truth!.--------------------------------The Holy Quran:Surah 48 : Ayats-1- 5 ---(1)Verily We have granted thee a manifest Victory:(2)That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow;fulfil His favour to thee; and guide thee on the Straight Way; (3) And that Allah may help thee with powerful help. (4) It is He Who sent down tranquillity into the hearts of the Believers, that they may add faith to their faith;- for to Allah belong the Forces of the heavens and the earth; and Allah is Full of Knowledge and Wisdom;-(5) That He may admit the men and women who believe, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow, to dwell therein for aye, and remove their ills from them;- and that is, in the sight of Allah, the highest achievement (for man).
---------In The Golden Age of Islam! The Muslim civilization was the Greatest in the then known World! The first truly Universal Civilization! It was able to build a Empire of Faith and Devotion that stretched from ocean to ocean! From northern climes to the tropics and to the deserts! Within the Muslims dominion, the Muslims territory lived hundreds of Millions of people of different creeds and ethnic origins, one of its languages became the universal language of much of the then known world! The Quranic Language! There were various Quranic injunctions and Hadith, which place values on education and emphasize the importance of acquiring knowledge, these injunctions played a vital role in influencing the Muslims of Golden Age in their search for knowledge and the development of science and Medicine! This was also the bridge between the people of hundred lands! The Muslim armies were made up of people of many nationalities, and its Military provide protection that allowed a great degree of peace,tranquility and prosperity that had never been known or seen before! The reach of the Musilms civilization’s commerce extended….
From Latin America to China! And everywhere in between, In this Golden Age of Islam this was the period in history where the Hearts of men were open to the Light of Islam and they were inspired by the words of ALLAH(The Light) The Nur of the Quran and The Sunnah of Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam)and during this period of time the Islamic civilization made great significant advances in nearly every field of science known to man! The Muslims architects designed building that defied gravity! The Muslim Mathematicians carefully thought out devise and formulate Algebra Algorithms that would enable the building of computers and the formulation of encryption. Also In The Islamic Civilization was The Beginning of the first Hospitals! The First Hospitals was one of the great achievements of Muslim world! Its Doctors examined the human body and found new cures for many disease! The Muslims Astronomers Look in to the heavens, the skys and name the Stars, and paved the way for space travel and exploration as we known it today! -------------------------
How did Muslims acquire a special interest in Astronomy? Many verses in the Quran mention various natural phenomena in an inspiring way, which has challenged Muslims to ponder about the creation that is around us and to pursue knowledge by exploring a universe replete with ALLAH’s wonders. Here are a few examples from the Quran:
“It is He (ALLAH) who created the Night and the Day, and the Sun and the Moon: all (celestial bodies) swim along, each in its orbit”. (Quran 21:33)
“(ALLAH) is the One who has set out for you the stars, that you may guide yourselves by them through the darkness of the land and of the sea. We have detailed the signs for people who know”. (Quran 6:97)
“The Sun and the Moon follow courses computed”. (Quran 55:5)
“Verily, in the creation of the heavens and of the earth, and the succession of night and day; and in the ships that speed through the sea with what is useful to man; and in the waters which ALLAH sends down from the sky, giving life thereby to the earth after it had been lifeless, and causing all manner of living creatures to multiply thereon; and in the change of the winds, and the clouds that run their appointed courses between sky and earth; (in all this) there are messages indeed for people who use their reason.” (Quran 2:164)
These verses put natural phenomena in the context of their use to mankind as in time keeping and navigation; some verses mention precise orbits and courses, thus passing the message that behind these phenomena lies a coherent system that people are invited to explore. [4] Along with the Quranic verses, interest in astronomy arose because of a practical need for observing religious tenets. First, Muslims needed to determine the times of five daily prayers (dawn, noon, afternoon, evening, and night), which depend on the Sun’s position in the sky. Second, Muslims pray facing Mecca and thus scientists had to figure out the direction of Mecca from any location, which could be done by examining the position of the Sun and Moon. Third, there was a need to compute the lunar calendar and to observe holy practices such as annual fast during the month of Ramadan, attending Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) and celebrating Islamic holy days. The Muslim calendar, called hijri calendar (from Arabic word Hijra, emigration), began with the emigration of Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam) and his Sahabah in the year 622 from Mecca to Medina. That year is marked as the first year in the hijri calendar. In the Golden Age! The Muslims Scholars and Philosophers written thousands of books on many subjects--During this period, the Muslims showed a strong interest in assimilating the scientific knowledge of the civilizations that had been conquered. Many classic works of antiquity that might otherwise have been lost were translated from Greek, Roman, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations into Arabic and Persian, and later in turn translated into Turkish, Hebrew, and Latin! When Other Nations were afraid of ideas! The Muslim Civilization thrived on them and kept them alive! When censors threatened to wipe out knowledge from the past civilizations. The Muslim civilization kept the knowledge alive and passed it on to others! While the modern western world shares many of these traits the Civilization that we are talking about is the Islamic world! The Golden Age of Islam! Some say it started in the year 800 to 1600! But the truth of the matter is that! If we want to see The Golden Age of Islam! Then we need to look at the Days of Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam)When He walked on this Earth! The Golden Age begin for Humanity than! When ALLAH mission Him(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) as the Last Nabi and last Rasul, He(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)is rahmatul lil alamin(the mercy to all the Worlds)! And All of humanity is His Ummah. When The Holy Quran was being revealed to Him(sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), He lived in a time when the Hearts of Men melted when they heard the words of ALLAH. This is the real beginning of the Golden Age! which included The Sahabah, The Rightly-Guided Caliphs, The Tabi'un(Umar ibn Abdul Aziz The Fifth Rightly Guided Khaleefah and( Hasan of Basra) and the Tabi al- Tabi'un()and The righteous Scholars! The Ummayad periods! The Abbasid reign-(Harun Al-Rashid)-
and The sets of knowledge like the courts of Baghdad(House of Wisdom-where scholars from various parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds were mandated to gather and translate all of the world's classical knowledge into Arabic.)The Muslim government heavily patronized the scholars! In these places such as Kufa, Baghdad, Damascus ,Cairo and Cordoba! In Cairo may well be described as an era of learning and research which gave an impetus to set up the Cairo Academy of Science(Dar al Hikmah)in Egypt, while in Spain based on Baghdad model al-Hakam(No.2)set up an huge library.-The Abbasid reign!
Which ruled the Islamic world, oversaw The Golden Age of Islamic prosperity flourished in Din,flourished in Culture and flourished in Science and Medicine! The dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties. For most of its early history, it was the largest empire in the world, and this meant that it had contact with distant neighbors such as the Chinese and Indians in the East, and the Byzantines in the West, allowing it to adopt and synthesize ideas from these cultures.
And this included The Ottoman Empire!
We are also talking about The Golden Age of Islam that stretched across North Africa, from Mali to Egypt and the Sudan!
And we are talking about enlightened Rulers like Suleiman the magnificent and Mansa Musa! Although many are often unaware of the World indebtedness to The Islamic civilization and the Muslim gifts to mankind are very much apart of the heritage of the western world and the World itself! The technology industry would not exist without the contributions of the Muslim Scholars of mathematics! O Muslim people! Indeed! These were our Forefathers! Indeed! These were the Muslim people of yesterday! Indeed! These were the followers of Muhammad Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam)! Indeed! Our forefathers were foremost in Imam and Khushoo(Knowledge, Faith, devotion and humility! When the Spirit of Iman(Faith) and Truth entered their Hearts and Minds! This was The Great Spiritual inner Strength that they the Sahabah(Radi allahu anhum)had developed this inner strength through the Blessed company of Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam )That made them the Best of Creation!!
The Sahabah Tawakkul: (Trust and Reliance on Allah was phenomenal! Their Iman(Faith)was phenomenal! Their quality of Iman was phenomenal! Their Yaqin-( Their Certainty)they had in ALLAH was phenomenal! The sacrifices they made for ALLAH, for the Din of ALLAH was phenomenal! Their obedience to ALLAH was phenomenal! Their characters was phenomenal!
-Indeed! Our Forefathers had Great Spiritual insight and Great Spiritual foresight into Science, architecture, Mathematics, Medicine and Astronomy! When the condition in Europe were such that the people of Royalty! The royal Ladies, The Barrens and the Princesses could not even read or write! We the Muslim people! Our Forefathers! The Islamic heritage that we belong too! Our ancestry! Our Roots! Our Forefathers were the beacons of Nur(of Light)! They were the light houses! They were the torch bearers of Truth! They were the epitomes of Guidance! Our Forefathers were the World Leaders! They were leading the whole of mankind in every aspect of life! It was our Forefathers who excelled and excelled and excelled and still further excelled so much so that our Forefathers were Hundreds of years ahead of their own time!
Our forefathers excelled because of sincere devotion and obedience to ALLAH and sincere obedience To Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam) Their Hearts were inspired by the Nur(the light) of Guidance The Holy Quran! And the practice of the Sunnah! The more obedience they were! The more ALLAH inspired their hearts to achieve greater and greater things! Like insight into every aspect of life this was the Golden Age! This was the Golden Age of ISLAM! The Pursuit of Knowledge! The Pursuit of Guidance! The Hearts, The Minds, The Souls Enlightenment! The Great Spiritual Insight and Great Spiritual Foresight! This is The Din Of ALLAH! ISLAM! In practice! This is what actually happens!-We The Muslim people can learn a very valuable lesson from our ancestry of the importance of Iman(Faith),Conviction, Commitment and Devotion And that we should never giving up on what we know is Right!--- When The Muslim people live and practice Islam! ALLAH(subhanahu wa ta`ala), deposits Nur (a Light) into the Hearts of His servants this light is Firasah (Spiritual Foresight-Spiritual Insight)By this Nur (light), His servants distinguishes between truth and falsehood and between right and wrong!---Firasah is a sense of visual acumen, perception and insight. Allah says, "Surely! In this are the signs for the mutawassimeen [those who read the signs]." [15:75]
one who sees the ruins and houses of those who belied Allah's Messengers would receive insight, admonition and reflection.
Allah, subhanahu wa ta`ala, says the following with the regards to the hypocrites, "Had He willed, We could have shown them to you and you would have known them by their marks, but surely you will know them by the lahn of the speech!" [47:30] The first thing mentioned is the firasah of the eye and watching and the second thing noted is the firasah of the ear and hearing. The lahn of their speech is namely two varieties. One is proper and the other is wrong.
The proper lahn may mean eloquence as stated in the hadith: "And perhaps some of you are more eloquent in their claim than others." (Bukhari and Muslim) Or it may mean an indirect reference or indication. The wrong lahn is the speech that has grammatical mistakes. By using it, people tend to change the meaning to something incorrect or to a hidden meaning which may not have been intended.
The meaning of the verse is that Allah has confirmed to His Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam), that he would know them from the lahn of their speech. It is more likely that one may know more about the speaker and what is within his mind from his speech and the tone of his voice than from his physical appearance. The words and the tone of voice can tell much more, than the appearance, about the intention of the speaker. firasah can be either visual or auditory. Rasulullah(Sallallahu alayhi wa salam), is reported to have said, "Beware of the firasah of the believer, for he sees with the light of Allah," then he recited the verse, ""Surely! In this are the signs for the mutawassimeen." (Tirmidhi) The firasah of the believers is always truthful.
The firasah is a light which Allah, subhanahu wa ta`ala, deposits in the heart of His servants. By this light, His servant distinguishes between truth and falsehood and between right and wrong.
The reality of firasah is a sharp thought that enters the heart and dominates its opinion. It overwhelms the heart just as the lion does to its pray, fareesah. Note the similarity between firasah and fareesah in Arabic. However, in their linguistic forms, fareesah is an object whereas firasah is similar in form to wilayah (authority and power), imarah (authority and command) and siyasah (administration and leadership).
The strength of firasah is dependent on the strength of Faith and Devotion. A person with stronger faith has sharper firasah. Amr bin Nujaid said that Shah al-Kermani had sharp firasah and was never wrong. He also used to say that whoever lowers his gaze away from prohibitions, restrains himself from vain desires, constructs his interior according to muraqabah (knowledge that Allah is watching over us), his exterior according to the Sunnah, and accustoms himself to eat only halal, his firasah will never be wrong.
Ibn Mas`ud (r) said: There are three people with the sharpest firasah. The Egyptian who bought Yusuf (as) and then said to his wife, "Make his stay comfortable, maybe he will profit for us or we shall adopt him as a son." [12:21]. The other was the daughter of Shuaib, who said to her father with regards to Musa, "Hire him!" [28:26] And Abu Bakr (r), for he appointed Omar (r) as his successor." Another narration includes the wife of Pharaoh who said about Musa, "A comfort of the eye for me and for you. Kill him not, perhaps he may be of benefit to us, or we may adopt him as a son." [28:9]
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (r) is considered to be the one with the greatest firasah in the Ummah and `Umar (r) was the second. The incidents that prove `Umar (r)'s firasah are numerous, familiar and well-known. He never said with regards to anything, "I think this is so," but it was what he thought. The fact that the Quran approved of his opinion sin many incidents is sufficient evidence of his sharp firasah. One of which was his opinion regarding the redemption of the captives from the Battle of Badr.
Once a man named Sawad Bin Qarib passed by and `Umar (r) did not know him. `Umar (r) said, "This is either a soothsayer or he was so in the days of jahiliyyah." Upon sitting before `Umar (r), Sawad said, "O commander of the faithful! You never received any of your guests the way you did me." `Umar (r) said, "What we used to do in the days of jahiliyyah is worse than this. But tell me about what I have asked you." Sawad said, "You were true, O commander of the faithful! I was a soothsayer in the days of jahiliyyah, then he told him the story."
The sahabah, in general, had the most accurate and sharpest firasah. The true firasah is obtained from life and from the light Allah grants to whom He wishes from amongst His true servants. The heart receives life and light and then its firasah will almost never be wrong. Allah says, "Is he who was dead and We gave him life and set for him a light whereby he can walk amongst men, like him who is in the darkness from which he can never come out?" [6:122]
The verse describes the person as "dead" because of the disbelief in his heart and the life of jahiliyyah or ignorance he was leading, but then Allah gave him life through iman or faith of knowledge. Upon his acceptance of these gifts, the Qur'an and faith become the light by which he sees his way out of the darkness (of disbelief and ignorance) and onto the straight path.
Firasah is linked to three human organs: the eye, ear and heart. His eye examines the look and the signs, his ear examines the speech, the over expressions, oblique inferences and hints, content, logic and tone of voice. And his heart analyzes both what is seen and hear to perceive hidden thoughts of others. His analysis and examination of the interior compared to the exterior is like one who examines currency to see if it is counterfeit after examining the outside. It is also similar to Ahlul-Hadith (scholars who specialize in the knowledge of the hadith), who will read a hadith that has a sound isnad (chain of narrators) but upon examination of the matn (text of the hadith), it is found that it is a fabricated hadith.----(commentary)The wicked and the disbelievers do not received such a divine Nur(Light) as Firasah(Spiritual insight)------
There are two factors in firasah. One is the quality of one's mind, the sharpness of the heart and the intelligence. The second is the appearance of the signs and indications on others. When both factors are present than one's firasah may not be wrong. Iyaas bin Mu`awiyah had great firasah and he was well-known because of it , as was Imam Shafiee who was also reported to have written about it. ***
None knows the rank of a person in knowledge except he who is his peer and has known him personally, and he only knows him to the extent of what he himself was granted to know.
None of his companions knew al-Shafi`i like al-Muzani knew him, and al-Muzani knew al-Shafi`i only to the extent of al-Muzani's strength.
Nor can anyone estimate Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam) as he deserves except Allah (may He be exalted), and each knows him (Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam)) only to the extent of what he himself possesses.
Thus the most knowledgeable in the Ummah about Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam) rank is Abu Bakr (Allah be well-pleased with him) because he was the best of the Ummah, and Abu Bakr (r) knows Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam) only according to Abu Bakr (r)'s strength.
[Shaykh al-Islam Taqi al-Din Abu al-Hasan al-Subki as recorded by his son Ibn al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-Kubra ( 6:191-389 #694)trans.GF.Haddad.]

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(Spiritual Foresight)Firasah is a light with which the Rabb awards the hearts of His beloved servants. In other words, it is the transpiring of an incisive intelligence, genius, sensitivity, a depth of knowledge and understanding in the heart, in the form of spiritual comprehension.
Through the genuine feelings and inspirations that emerge in the heart, it is the ability to discern the hidden truth of things that take place and accurately foresee and determines the thoughts passing through hearts and minds.
The Blessed Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam) has stated:
“Beware of the foresight of a believer…for he gazes with the light of Allah” (Tirmidhi, Tafsir, 15).
Undoubtedly, attaining this prudential foresight, which enables one to look with the penetrating light of the Rabb, is reserved only for those who are triumphant in shedding the conceit of their egos.

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Beginning of Hospitals in the Islamic world-The First Hospitals was one of the great achievements of Islamic society, And Possibly the earliest hospital in Islam was a mobile dispensary following the Muslim armies, dating from the time of Rasulallah(sallallahu alayhi wa salam). By the 12th century, the hospital had become a very advanced institution, a tradition which remained throughout the centuries of Islamic Civilisation. --. The Islamic hospital served several purposes: a center of medical treatment, a convalescent home for those recovering from illness or accidents, an insane asylum, and a retirement home giving basic maintenance needs for the aged and infirm who lacked a family to care for them.

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